Endometrial Polyps
Endometrial polyps are small growths on the lining of the uterus (endometrium). They can cause irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding, bleeding between periods, or, in some cases, no symptoms at all. Polyps are often linked to hormonal factors, particularly oestrogen, and are usually detected with ultrasound or hysteroscopy. Treatment may involve monitoring or removal if they cause symptoms or raise concerns.
Overview | Symptoms & Causes | Diagnosis | Treatment Options
What is an Endometrial Polyp?
The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ in the female pelvis. Its inner lining, called the endometrium, thickens and sheds with each menstrual cycle in response to hormones. This lining plays a key role in menstruation and pregnancy.
An endometrial polyp is a small, usually benign growth that develops from the inner lining of the uterus. Polyps can vary in size and may be single or multiple. While many cause no symptoms, some can lead to irregular menstrual bleeding, spotting, or heavy periods. Polyps are generally non-cancerous, but removal is the only way to be certain of their nature.
Understanding Endometrial Polyps
Endometrial polyps often cause no noticeable symptoms and are sometimes found incidentally during imaging for other reasons. When symptoms do occur, they are usually related to changes in menstrual bleeding.
Symptoms may include:
- Irregular periods or unpredictable spotting between cycles
- Heavier or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Bleeding after menopause
- Polyps may contribute to difficulty conceiving
Post-menopausal bleeding - even a small amount - should always be checked by a healthcare professional.
Causes & Risk Factors
Endometrial polyps develop when cells in the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grow excessively, forming small, usually benign growths. Hormonal factors, particularly exposure to oestrogen, play a key role in their formation. Some factors can increase the likelihood of developing polyps, including:
| Age | More common in women in their 40s and 50s, though can occur earlier. |
| Hormonal factors | Higher body fat increases oestrogen levels, which can stimulate polyp growth. |
| Medications | Certain drugs, such as tamoxifen for breast cancer, can increase risk. |
| Medical conditions | High blood pressure, diabetes, or other metabolic conditions may contribute. |
| History of uterine growths | Previous polyps, fibroids, or endometrial hyperplasia can increase likelihood. |
| Post-menopause | Polyps can still develop after menopause, particularly if hormone therapy is used. |
Diagnosing Endometrial Polyps
Endometrial polyps are often suspected when investigating abnormal uterine bleeding or spotting. A clinician will usually begin with a review of your symptoms and medical history, followed by a physical examination.
Key diagnostic tests can include:
| Transvaginal Ultrasound | A first-line imaging test that can detect polyps and assess the thickness of the endometrial lining. |
| Hysteroscopy | A procedure where a thin camera is inserted into the uterus to directly visualise and sometimes remove polyps. |
| Endometrial Biopsy | May be performed to check for abnormal or precancerous cells, especially in women with post-menopausal bleeding. |
Treatment Options
Treatment for endometrial polyps depends on symptoms, polyp size, and risk factors. Small polyps that aren’t causing symptoms may simply be monitored. For polyps causing bleeding or other issues, removal is usually recommended, as it’s the only way to be certain they are not precancerous.
| Hysteroscopic polypectomy | A minimally invasive procedure where polyps are removed using a thin camera and instruments inserted through the vagina and cervix. |
| Surgical removal | In rare cases, if polyps are large, numerous, or associated with other uterine conditions, more extensive surgery may be considered. |
| Follow-up monitoring | Repeat imaging may be advised to check for recurrence, particularly if symptoms return. |
Management is tailored to each individual, balancing symptom relief, reproductive plans, and overall health.
How can Lanthorn help?
Transvaginal Ultrasound - £450
A key imaging test to detect polyps, assess their size, number, and location, and guide further management.
Referral to a specialist
If further assessment or treatment is required, we can refer you to a trusted gynecologist for specialist care, including procedures such as hysteroscopic polypectomy.
